Fine-tune xrdp
Set the kernel option net.core.wmem_max to 8388608 via issuing sysctl -w net.core.wmem_max=8388608. You can have this change persist across reboots by writing:
net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
...to /etc/sysctl.d/xrdp.conf.
Configure xrdp.ini
Ensure the following:
tcp_send_buffer_bytes=4194304
max_bpp=16
This was all that was needed to get my unbearably slow experience to something usable for connections over a private VPN. No tweaks to the compositor needed.